Starlink Internet: How does Starlink's internet work, and what is its biggest problem?

Can a person stay online even when the internet is shut down? Usually, the answer would be ‘no,’ but satellite internet technology could change this scenario. Elon Musk’s company, Starlink, is a prime example. Starlink’s internet operates differently from that of other companies; it provides internet access via satellites located in space. This raises the question: why is Starlink facing criticism worldwide?

How does Starlink’s internet work?
Internet typically reaches our mobile phones via mobile towers, fiber-optic cables, and other network infrastructure. Starlink’s approach differs; it utilizes satellites orbiting Earth in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). To access the internet, users require a specialized Starlink dish and other necessary equipment. These devices receive signals from the satellites, enabling the use of online services on mobile phones, laptops, and other devices.

Starlink satellites orbit relatively close to the Earth's surface. This proximity can reduce signal latency—the time taken for signals to travel back and forth—compared to conventional satellite internet. This offers a significant advantage in areas where extending mobile networks or laying fiber-optic cables is difficult. However, satellites alone are not enough for Starlink to function; it requires operational equipment, a power supply, an active service subscription, and network connectivity. Adverse weather conditions or signal obstructions can also impact the connection.

What are the issues with Starlink?
A report by the Takshashila Institution, titled *Starlink and Risks for India*, discusses the potential risks associated with the service. The report notes that when a government shuts down mobile internet, it can issue directives to local telecom operators and internet service providers; however, Starlink’s network operates via satellites, making it different in this regard. Therefore, simply shutting down mobile towers or blocking fiber networks will not automatically cut off Starlink connections.

Controlling this might require measures such as cooperation from the company, technical interventions, and control over the equipment itself. For instance, the company could disable service in a specific region, or connections in that area could be technically restricted—measures that could be implemented using technologies like geofencing. However, taking action becomes significantly more challenging if the service provider is based in another country and its equipment is being used without authorization.

What happened in Iran?
Despite government-imposed internet restrictions in Iran, some individuals attempted to stay online using Starlink. The issue of access to the internet and digital services came to the fore during the protests that erupted following the death of Mahsa Amini in custody in September 2022. At that time, the US took steps to expand access to digital services for the Iranian people; on September 24, 2022, Elon Musk announced the activation of Starlink services. Starlink's availability also became a topic of discussion amidst internet restrictions during the conflict between Iran and Israel in June 2025. These events highlighted the fact that the methods for blocking conventional internet services differ from those required to block satellite internet.

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